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Volume 4, No. 5 - November 2004

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Pakistan’s Nuclear Program – A Fact File

1955: Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) set up to promote peaceful uses of atomic energy
1972: Pakistan set up first nuclear power station with Canadian assistance.
1974: Prime Minister Z. A. Bhutto vowed Pakistan will “eat grass” if necessary to develop nuclear weapons after India exploded its first nuclear device.
1976: Canada ended N-ties with Pakistan in a dispute over non-proliferation safeguards.
1976: Pakistan set up Kahuta Research Laboratories near Islamabad to establish a uranium enrichment plant to seek nuclear capability.
1979: The U. S. cut off military-economic aid to Pakistan after refusing to accept assurances that its nuclear program was purely peaceful.
1980: Pakistan said it joined ranks of a dozen countries able to fabricate its own nuclear fuel based on uranium available in the country.
1982: The U. S. lifted embargo on resumption of economic and military aid to Pakistan.
1983: Dutch court sentenced A. Q. Khan to four years’ jail after he was convicted in absentia of nuclear espionage. Decision was later overturned on a technicality. Khan denied allegations that he stole plans for uranium enrichment centrifuges from Urenco, a British-Dutch-German consortium he worked for in Holland in the 19070s.
1986: Pakistan and Iran signed nuclear cooperation agreement after visit by A. Q. Khan.
1989: PAEC chairman Munir Ahmed Khan said a nuclear deal with China in November for a 300-megawatt nuclear plant had broken an international embargo against Pakistan.
1990: August: Two months after Iraq invaded Kuwait, an intermediary claiming to represent A. Q. Khan met Iraqi intelligence and proposed help in establishing a project to enrich uranium and build a nuclear weapon. Pakistan later denied this.

October: The U. S. stopped military-economic aid to Pakistan over suspicions that its nuclear program was weapons-oriented.

1991: Pakistan Army chief General Mirza Aslam Beg told U. S. ambassador he was discussing nuclear and conventional military cooperation with Iranian army.
1992: U. S. officials said A. Q. Khan initiated talks with North Korea to obtain intermediate-range ballistic missiles for Pakistan in return for gas centrifuge designs and other assistance to enrich uranium for nuclear weapons.
1998: Pakistan test-fired 937-mile range Ghauri missile, which it said can carry nuclear warheads and was meant to deter India.
1998: India conducted five nuclear tests. Pakistan expressed alarm and then stunned the world by conducting six nuclear bomb tests. Both countries were sanctioned.
2001: Dictator Pervez Musharraf removed A. Q. Khan as head of Pakistan’s nuclear programs and named him as scientific adviser.
2003: Pakistan said it was questioning nuclear scientists over allegations of proliferation – acting on information from Iran and Muhammad Gadaffi-ruled Libya to the U. N.’s International Atomic Energy Agency.
2004: January: Probe led to removal of A. Q. Khan as Scientific Adviser to Prime Minsiter.

February 4: Khan appeared on state television to make personal apology to the nation for endangering national security by taking nuclear secrets to Libya, Iran and North Korea.

February 5: Pakistani Dictator Pervez Musharraf pardoned nuclear proliferator A. Q. Khan.

October 12: Pakistan tested another medium-range nuclear capable missile. The The Hatf-V Ghauri missile has a range of 1500 Km and can carry nuclear warheads.


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